How to clean and disinfect enclosures, toys and other materials

Clean housing is essential for the health and welfare of hedgehogs and tenrecs. In captivity, these animals live in relatively small enclosures compared to their wild ranges, which means waste products, leftover food, and bacteria accumulate quickly. Without regular cleaning, enclosures can become breeding grounds for parasites and pathogens, increasing the risk of illness for the animals. Knowing how to clean and disinfect properly helps keep enclosures safe, while avoiding products that could harm sensitive small mammals.

Why Cleaning Matters

Both hedgehogs and tenrecs are prone to digestive upsets and skin issues when exposed to dirty conditions. Feces and urine build up quickly in small cages, creating ammonia and dampness. Food scraps can rot, attracting mould, flies, and bacteria. Toys, wheels, and hides that are not cleaned regularly may harbour pathogens such as Salmonella or fungi. Consistent hygiene prevents infections, reduces odours, and provides a healthier, more comfortable environment.

Step 1: Daily Spot Cleaning

1. Remove feces and soiled bedding every day. This prevents ammonia build-up and keeps the enclosure dry.
2. Check food and water dishes daily, removing spoiled food and refilling water with fresh, clean supply.
3. Wipe surfaces with a damp cloth to remove small messes before they harden.

Daily spot cleaning means less deep scrubbing is needed later and ensures the animal always has a safe living environment.

Step 2: Weekly Deep Cleaning

At least once a week (or more often in warm, humid environments), perform a full clean:

1. Remove the animal to a secure, temporary box with familiar bedding for comfort.
2. Empty all bedding and substrate from the enclosure. Dispose of waste safely.
3. Wash the enclosure with warm water and mild, unscented soap. Avoid harsh chemicals at this stage.
4. Rinse thoroughly to ensure no soap residue remains. Small mammals are very sensitive to chemical residues.
5. Disinfect surfaces, toys, and bowls with an animal-safe disinfectant (see below).
6. Dry completely before adding fresh bedding, hides, and enrichment.

Safe Disinfectants

Not all cleaning products are safe for hedgehogs and tenrecs. Many household cleaners contain strong chemicals, perfumes, or bleach concentrations that can irritate skin, respiratory systems, or cause poisoning.

Safe options include:

• Diluted veterinary disinfectants (chlorhexidine-based or F10, commonly used in zoos and clinics).
• Diluted white vinegar (effective for odour and mineral deposits, though not a full disinfectant).
• 3–5% bleach solution only if rinsed extremely thoroughly; bleach is effective but risky if residue remains.

Avoid: scented detergents, ammonia-based cleaners, phenol products (e.g. pine or Dettol), and strong household disinfectants not designed for animals.

Always rinse and dry items after disinfecting, regardless of the product used.

Step 3: Cleaning Toys, Wheels, and Accessories

• Wheels: Hedgehog wheels collect feces and urine quickly; wash them every few days to prevent bacterial build-up.
• Toys and tunnels: Plastic or wooden toys should be scrubbed weekly. Replace wooden toys if they become heavily soiled, as they are harder to disinfect.
• Bowls and bottles: Wash daily with hot water and mild soap, rinse thoroughly, and disinfect weekly.

Step 4: Bedding and Fabrics

Many keepers use fleece liners, cloth hides, or hammocks. These should be washed regularly in hot water with unscented detergent. Avoid fabric softeners, as the fragrance residues can irritate animals. Wash separately from human laundry if possible.

Preventing Stress During Cleaning

Hedgehogs and tenrecs are solitary and easily stressed by major changes in scent or layout. When cleaning:

• Keep at least some old nesting material if it is still clean, to retain a familiar scent.
• Replace hides in the same position so the animal can find its retreat easily.
• Handle animals minimally during cleaning to reduce disturbance.

In Summary

Regular cleaning and disinfection are not optional — they are a cornerstone of hedgehog and tenrec welfare in captivity. Daily spot cleaning, weekly deep scrubbing, and the use of safe, animal-friendly disinfectants ensure that enclosures remain healthy and hygienic. Balancing hygiene with respect for natural behaviours (such as keeping familiar scents) creates a safe and low-stress environment where these unique mammals can thrive.